Game of Thrones Meets Your Immune System

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in this video we’re gonna discuss the relationship between your own immune system and the Game of Thrones it’s very similar in that there’s this game going on between your own white blood cells or leukocytes and pathogens viruses bacteria fungus mold pathogens are those microbes that cause disease and there’s another part of your immune system that I want to discuss a very very long time ago there is a union created between your own cells and bacteria and they formed a mutually beneficial relationship and we now call that bacteria friendly bacteria they have become a big part of our immune system in helping defend against the unfriendly bacteria and other pathogens so in this video I want to take clips out of the game of Thrones and help you understand the immune system the Nights Watch is a military order dedicated to holding the wall the immense fortification of the northern border of the seven kingdoms led by Lord Commander Jeor Mormont any enemy trying to invade the seven kingdoms beyond the wall will have to get past the guards the Nights Watch they are always undo T to protect the realms of men from whatever is out there the exact same thing happens in your body you have guards that monitor the wall 24/7 they’re called macrophages and they’re large cells that eat the viruses bacteria and they monitor and guard the wall and in your body you have the external skin and internal skin lining all the internal skin that lines your nose your lungs your throat and your gastrointestinal tract are so large it would cover four hundred square meters the size of two tennis courts so these macrophages have a tremendous job in protecting against invading pathogens in this next example we have John Snow becoming the Lord Commander of the Nights Watch which rules over everyone there and as time goes on he rises up to become the king of the north and of course the goal of as enemies is to take him out taking out the commander or the king is a very successful strategy to win the war so in the body we have certain t-cells okay this stands for thymus the thymus is the gland that helps train your white blood cells to help defend against pathogens now the two parts of the immune system are the innate and the acquired the innate is a part of the immune system that you’re born with the acquired is a part of the immune system that needs training you need the expose your immune system to germs in microbes and allow the infection to occur to overcome it so it becomes stronger so you develop your immunity from experience but there’s one central white blood cell that is the commander or the coordinator for the entire immune system and it’s called the T helper cell this is the boss that coordinates the attack it judges on how many web blood cell the body needs to create how much weapon tree what type of weapon tree so that your immune system can be successful now on the other side of the game we have certain pathogens viruses specifically the HIV virus that has its own strategy of taking out the head commander of the entire organization so this virus goes after the T helper cells and destroys the cell and that’s its strategy to winning the war in the final battle for King’s Landing Denarius targaryen instructs her dragon to not just kill specific enemies but to destroy the entire city killing off not just the enemies but the good people as well creating massive collateral damage now in the immune system you have something called the T regulatory cell it has two main functions one is to determine the good guys from the bad guys to prevent traitors and rogue elements to invade the body but it also has a very important function that relates to the example you saw in regulating the attack or a weapon tree that our immune system releases so you can think of the T regulatory cells as the water that puts out the fire or the inflammation in the body and if we don’t have these cells in place we can’t put up the fire and we get this massive inflammatory condition that creates a lot of collateral damage now any time a person tries to enter a city or a wall the guards have to determine who that person is are they a friendly person or an enemy so this is a very important job and there’s all sorts of mechanisms in place to be able to differentiate who’s good who’s bad and to allow only the friendly cells to invade the body and kill any of the pathogens now as time goes on John Snow through experience becomes more and more knowledgeable about how to kill his enemies specifically the White Walkers he learns about their strengths and their weaknesses and one weakness that have is dragonglass which is then used as one of the weapons to fight them now in the immune system and I’m talking about the acquired immune system that learns from experience we have the B cell B stands for a bone marrow because that’s where it originates from so we have the cell that releases antibodies so when we’re exposed to germs these antibodies interact with the germs and create memories so the next time when they’re in a battle they’re exposed to a specific pathogen they have this memory and they know what to do so in other words your body develops antibodies over time to deal with specific germs and so now they are prepared and they will bind with viruses and bacteria and neutralize them before they can invade the South so little finger in secret makes a deal with the city logic compass the city watch is yours good and this deal relates to turning against Ned Stark we stand behind you load stuff so later when Ned Stark gives an order the gold cloaks turn against Ned and end up killing all of his soldiers and so the city watch becomes traitors I did warn you not to trust me now the immune system we have a very similar thing happening certain mechanisms involving viruses caused our own body to create what’s called Auto antibodies which are antibodies against her own tissue you can look at this as friendly fire or a part of your own cells becoming traitors and attacking its own tissue so you see this a lot in autoimmune disease and many times an autoimmune condition is triggered by a virus one of the scariest abilities the white walkers have is the power to create creatures known as whites whites are reanimated corpses which continue to live as zombies who are under control of the white walkers so when we’re talking about normal cells they have a certain limit to how long they can live so it could be months it could be a couple years but eventually these cells die but what happens when normal cells become damaged certain cells switch over to cancer cells and the way they do that is through a certain adaptation mechanism which their metabolism has actually changed to a completely different way of burning fuel and the other very unique thing about cancer cells is they lose their ability to die and they become immortal just like the zombies that you just saw so cancer cells are zombie cells that are no longer under your own body’s control and they pretty much have their own brain where they can take over they invade different areas of inflammation and they can potentially kill you just like the white walkers normally in the immune system you have the natural killer cell over here on the na part of the immune system and then on the acquired you have the T killer cells that are specialist in attacking cancer cells this game or battle has been going on for a very long time the goal of our immune system is to kill the cancer cells and the cancer cells also have a goal of surviving and they can survive under various conditions they can survive under conditions where there’s no oxygen and sometimes they go into dormancy and come back out of remission even after chemotherapy so we have tried many things to try to kill off cancer but our best strategy is really to take care of our own immune system and make sure the natural